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# Case study: hybrid paths When people and technology depend on one another ### Connected systems, real differences A medical implant, a person and a maintenance service can become closely connected. Path ethics calls such a development a **hybrid path** when the connection is essential to what can happen next. The parts do not become identical; their different powers and dependencies still matter. ### A person using medical technology An implant can support a bodily function and extend a person’s possibilities. It can also create dependence on energy, updates, repair and a manufacturer. With a brain–computer interface, the analysis must ask who controls the translation of signals and who can change or stop the system. ### A connected city Sensors and software can help manage traffic or energy. Efficiency alone is not enough for an ethical assessment. Connectivity also asks who can participate and who becomes dependent. Autonomy asks whether residents can understand, challenge and change the rules.